Shakespeare Movie vs Play

Shakespeare's Othello: Movie (Oliver parker 1995) Vs. Play Oliver parker's Othello came out in 1995 with Laurence Fishburne as Othello this is also the first time Othello was played by a coloured actor, Kenneth Branagh as Iago and Irene Jacob as Desdemona. Parker kept the original plot and language intact, however the movie seemed to give Othello life through visual and audio aids. Parker's Othello enables the viewer to associate on a personal level and compliments to the anticipation and imagination of those who have read the play before watching the movie.The audio although normally overpowered by the visual aspect played a key role in defining and empowering the movie. The music was fast and uplifting during celebration and on the eve of Othello's victory against the turks however the music changed to slow and haunting during Iago's monologues, Othello's lascivious and crazed thought of Cassio and Desdemona and scenes involving death. Audio plays key role in foreshadowing and indi cation, whenever Iago speaks of his plans the music starts of in piano or mezzo piano and slowly crescendos as is heard when Iago repeats â€Å"i hate the moor,† the music becomes increasingly passionate and strong.Iago's pronunciation and stress of each his words during his soliloquies were indicators of coming events. Iago's words were soft and soothing when he was â€Å"pouring pestilence† and they became loud and strong when a key scene would be approaching. Iago's soft speech was a way of showing his sincerity to Othello but also as a way of safe guarding his real intentions, this is can be seen when Iago first reveals to Othello that Desdemona is being unfaithful. The most captivating usage of music in the movie was the song Desdemona sings in the bath to Emilia â€Å"Willow, Willow,† on the night of her death.The song foreshadows the death of the person of sings it. It predicted the death of Desdemona's mother's maid and it does the same for her and Emili a. The visual aid in the movie played a large role in aiding the viewers imagination and also filling in blanks that the play could not. Some of the best visuals in Parker's movie adaptation of Othello were not in the script, the black and white chess pieces, water, wedding, sea burial, the dagger, and the glimpses of Cassio and Desdemona together.The chess pieces seem to symbolise Iago's plan to destroy Othello and Desdemona and also the sea burial later in the movie. Oliver used a lot of fire and water images throughout the movie, water seemed to represent ill fate, water foreshadows death or something bad. Desdemona was in the bath the night she was killed and Othello even washed is hands and face before he killed Desdemona. The fire and light in Oliver's movie seemed to represent safety and warmth, When Othello is about to kill Desdemona he blows out the candle. The candle represents Desdemona and how her time to live is coming to an end.Oliver plays with light through the backg round, Scenes which involve Desdemona are bright and lit up until her death and scenes which involve Iago are dark and lack brightness. Othello's clothes were indicators to his own personal change in the beginning he would wear white and clothes different to the others but towards the end the clothes he was wearing were black. These colours reflect the moor's mood at different times of the play. The movie however had some weak points that pulled it away from shakespeare's original intent with the script. There was a lot more emphasis on sexuality in the movie than Shakespeare's play intended.There is also questions about Iago's sexuality and true intents in one fleeting moment in Parker's Othello; Iago breaks down crying when him and Othello make a blood pact. Iago's breakdown comes as a surprise and throws the viewer off guard to much towards the end distorting Iago's reasoning for plotting against the Moor. Overall Parker did a good job with the movie he managed to maintain locati on and time period of Shakespeare's original, it allows us to get a clearer more defined picture of Othello. The dialogue and settings are kept as authentic as possible.

Descriptive Paper About Grand Canyon

The great view of the Grand Canyon At the summit of the canyon, I can feel the clouds that are drifting are really closed to me and I can touch the clouds in the sky if I stretch my arms out. The color of sky is various from bright blue to dark blue depending on each individual’s viewpoint. Looking upward, I can see skies splashed with cotton white clouds and the peaks of the canyon are wrapping in clouds. Even though there are clouds a lot in the sky, the sun drawing water is so beautiful. There is also a small plane for tourists who want to enjoy sightseeing the scenery from the sky.The canyons stretch as far as the eyes can see. The canyons that were very deep and steep have a lot of vertical and horizontal stripes and its color is not same each other. The color of canyon is overall brown but the top part of canyon is red, the middle is yellow, and the bottom part seems to be gray or black color. I think the reason the color of the canyon looks different is the sunlight, be cause the sunlight has all different colors of light in it. As the time goes on, I can see more various colors of the canyons. Even shadow of the light also creates beautiful scenes.The view of plunging cliffs also seduces visitors far away. At the bottom of the Grand Canyon, there is a little bit huge boat floating on the river that winds its way through the valley and it seems to move little bit fast. I am gazing down on the liver leaning over the railing and thinking. I could sit and watch the river all day long for admiring the scenery. The sunlight bounced off the river and dazzled me and the canyon casts its sharply defined reflection on the river. I am thinking that the water of the river is so clear I could almost see the gravel on the bottom.Around the river, beautiful trees line the river road. Some tops of canyon are hidden from sight behind lots of trees. However, trees are more located on the bottom of the canyon than the top of it actually and the trees throw long shad ows across the enormous river. The land except for the river on the bottom is covered with all green color because of numerous trees. I am standing drinking in the peaceful landscape at the top of the Grand Canyon, admiring the view and feel my spirit seems to have been purified.I think about myself and set achievable goals with the landscape seen from the top of here. The weather is pretty good to see a view even though there is a cold wind blowing slowly. The sunshine, beautiful scenery, and the sounds of nature make me feel fresh and give energy boost. I can feel complete peace of mind while seeing manifest view. The scenery here looks like monotonous, but the scenery is beautiful beyond all description. I am so engrossed in admiring the view that I lost track of time.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Education - Essay Example Children who have special learning needs are referred to as exceptional students; that is, gifted and disabled children. Gifted children have superior intellectual development and are capable of high performance. Exceptional Student Education (ESE) is indiscriminate and assists each child to progress in school and in the learning environment in general. Overview of evaluation process The program requires that all students be assessed in all areas related to their disabilities while also considering their ability to access the general curriculum in relation to how the disability affects the student’s learning, objectives that relate to the needs of the student, forming goals and choosing a placement in the least restrictive environment possible for the student. Eligibility of the process The IEP outlines each and every step on how the student learns and how the learning is best demonstrated. It also outlines what the educators will do to assist the student learn more effectivel y. Role of IEP team members The roles of the team members are all set with the main objective of assisting the child in the learning process. Different team members have different roles. ... Regular education teacher Provides information on the general curriculum standards Determines any program modifications and the necessary support required for school personnel Representative of the school district Provides specially designed instruction in relation to his qualification Has authority to commit resources School district representative Ensures that relevant services will be provided by the district Identifies placement options available in the district Intervention specialists Drafts objectives for the program on the student’s performance Identify any supplementary aids and services which the student may require in the regular classroom. Professional IEP team members Psychologists Physical therapists Occupational therapists Speech therapists A special educator Vision or hearing specialists Additional specialists in relation to the student’s specific needs IEP Development When the team members meet, they discuss the student’s educational needs and fo rmulate specific short term and annual goals for such needs. Areas deserving specialized attention are also outlined. Services are split into two categories; Those to be provided in the school’s schedule, Those to be provided on a consultative basis Professionals consult with the educators to arrive at strategies to help the student but no hands-on instruction is offered. The program should be reviewed annually to update the set objectives and ensure that the site services are being met and in the right standards. Curriculum needs Every student has the ability to learn and should demonstrate progress in their learning. Further from the regular curriculum, students with disabilities have additional needs to compliment the regular curriculum. Differentiated and focused teaching- reasonable adjustments

Self reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self reflection - Coursework Example Although motivational theories were indicated not to be the only factors influencing employee productivity and quality of work, one believes that it is a crucial factor to develop and promote behavioral patterns that are consistent with the attainment of goals. Concurrently, to motivate people towards excellent performance is the primary task of leaders. To do that, the leader needs to understand and recognize what motivates people. The emergence of virtual teams, in On Line, Real Time tutorial, came as a necessary spin-off from interactions that ensue from electronic networks. Concurrently, the concepts of leadership have adapted competencies catering to global virtual teams. One learned that the theoretical framework for virtual encompasses permeable boundaries and interfaces, project teams evolving rapidly in its inception to dissolution as needs in the group members change, and people with diverse qualifications and skills are tapped across the spheres of space, culture and time. For the purpose of the tutorial, identification of the three most effective leadership qualities confirm its ability to reach a consensus and learn on leadership qualities, as required. 2. In writing an effective business report from a case study what are the main decisions you have to make? An effective business report from a case study must be discerning and objective in the treatment of facts of the case. As cited from Seperich, Woolverton, Beierlein and Hahn (1996) entitled Cases in Agribusiness Management, the main elements that must be contained in an effective business report are as follows: executive summary, problem statement, alternative courses of action, conclusion and implementation or plan of action (Seperich, et.al, 1996, pars. 19 – 23). In this regard, the writer of the report must make the following main decisions: â€Å"identify problems, determine corporate goals, define relevant alternatives, and develop plans to implement decisions†¦to defend the l ogic of your analysis and conclusions† (Seperich, et.al, 1996, last par.). 2 (b). Research the various layouts and designs for an effective Business or Management report and itemize and discuss the various sections you feel would be needed in an effective report? The layouts and designs of business or management reports depend upon the purposes of the report. For financial reports, for example, an effective layout should be simple, concise but comprehensive enough to accurately inform the users of the financial condition of the organization being evaluated. In this regard, the following financial reports are required to be prepared: Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement, Auditor's Report, and Graphs and Charts, as required. Most of these have been learned from the course modules. Other organizational and management report are presented in terms of corporate profiles or annual reports which are basically a combination of narrative and quantitative in nature and c ontains the elements: time, details, percentages, deviations or growth rate changes, as needed. Performance or Year in Review Reports must contain: Significant Events, Analysis / Significant Trends, Profile of Products and Services, New Patents/Research, and Stock Analysis (Bear, 2011). For senior managements’ perusal, the management report must always contain an executive summary. According to Kotler (1980), an executive summary is designed to â€Å"permit higher management to grasp quickly the major thrust of each plan and then read

Environment and corporate culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environment and corporate culture - Essay Example Proactive thinking and adaptive strategy buildings is core concepts which can help organizations implement a culture within an organization to cope up with the fast moving developments. Organization facing a turbulent environment must have an adaptive culture in order to keep pace with the changing conditions of market. It is essential for every organization to trace the changing condition and come up with back strategies if they wish to survive in the industry. There are number of products and services available in market, the one who comes up with innovative and adaptive strategies can survive the competition. Nowadays, there are number of consulting agencies, which are providing their services to organization. These agencies help organization in developing appropriate strategies and culture of themselves. Some of them include Toffler Associates, Bloom Institute Inc etc. Toffler Associates have prepared a benchmark criterion for companies so that they can initiate Adaptive Culture in their organization. This criterion emphasize primarily on five major areas. In order to make an organization adaptive, an organization needs to make changes in the following five areas: i. People ii. Process iii. Strategy iv. Structure v. Technology Any organization can tap these five areas in order to pursue the Adaptive Culture. The status at which a company needs to stand in order portray as an Adaptive Cultured organization has been clearly mentioned in the reports of Toffler Associates. In order to meet the global challenges of 21st century, every company has to possess some degree of adaption. In this paper, that company is going to be discussed which has now become very prominent due to its technological innovation and instant adaption. The name of this company is â€Å"Apple Inc.† Apple Inc has surpassed almost all the major technological oriented company when it comes to adaption and innovation. A detailed description of the adaption of Apple Inc has been mentione d in the subsequent sections of this paper. Adaptive Culture at Apple Inc Corporate culture defines the particular set of norms and values shared by people and groups of every organization. Every organization defines the goals that are to be achieved as well as the standards of behavior for accomplishing these goals. It is the responsibility of the management to define and communicate these goals organization-wide. By taking an example of Apple Inc, it can be stated that despite of number of changes in the chief executive level of the company, Apple Inc has maintained its corporate culture, which had been introduced when the company was founded in 1970s. By looking at the historical performance of the company, it can be said that the company has managed to keep a mix of two of the most important cultures: i. Innovative Culture ii. Adaptive Culture At the beginning, to certain extent, the culture of the company was Individualistic, which means that it put emphasis on the personal emp owerment and creativity of individuals. Concerning to the challenges and situations of 21st century, the top management of the company has revised their strategies. Therefore, the initial rebellious, riotous and individualistic culture has been converted into emerging, innovative and adaptive culture. However, the core values of the company have stayed

Exam Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Exam Case Study - Essay Example However, skilled employees may not tolerate it because they are mobile and can effectively secure employment elsewhere. The nature of work that the employees are engaged in is equally important. For instance, routine work calls for a different approach from a new or a creative job. Bureaucratic leadership could work well in routine work but fail in jobs requiring creativity. In addition, the environment under which the organization works under is of paramount importance. Organizational environment could be stable or changing, conservative or adventurous. A good leader should therefore be flexible and change leadership styles depending on the type of employees and the prevailing environment (Collins 2008). The type of leadership exhibited by the Zinn Company is exclusively autocratic. The owner of the company commands high level of authority over his employees and team members. In this regard, he is the sole decision maker and does not tolerate opinions, ideas or criticism from the employees. He runs the organization by inculcating fear and dismissing disobedient employees. Therefore, employees dread making suggestions even if they are in the company’s interests. This has resulted to low motivation, which affects their productivity adversely. In addition, he does not offer incentives or rewards to the employees when they attain targets; those who fail to meet targets are laid off at the whim of the owner. Since the owner is also responsible for hiring new employees, nepotism characterizes these appointments. Friendship and favoritism rather than professionalism results in appointment of inefficient employees, who compromise the quality of the company’s products particula rly in the manufacturing department. Though this style would work if applied to illiterate and unskilled employees, it does not yield good results and can lead to high employee turnover,

What role does social class play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

What role does social class play - Essay Example Looking at the work of Jane Austen in her novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ it could be said that the novel is one of the most quintessential novels of manners and etiquettes that has effectively and provocatively described the role of social classes in society. Austen has dealt with the issues of manners, education, marriage, principles and upbringing in a society of the elite gentry of the 19th century England. Similarly, one other novel that has also discussed the subject of social class and its role in the society in a different manner is Room at the Top by John Braine. The novel was written in 1957 and has discussed how social class, desires, and the socio-economic struggles can change the entire course of human life, particularly his love and passion. The novel rotates around a story of young, ambitious man who is struggling hard to find his place in the socially escalating society during the postwar Britain (Austen, 1853; Braine, 1957). In the essay, I would like to explore whether or not the social class as presented in the aforementioned novels, has a similar role in the society. Furthermore, I would also like to study what exactly were the reasons behind the urge to get socially equal in the society. Furthermore, the essay would also discuss whether the same techniques (as discussed in the novels) are being used for the socio-economic struggle in the present day societies or not (Braine, 1957). Considering these questions as the basis of my study, I would like to incorporate the essay with various researches and studies from the past in order to gain data and information on the subject. However, I would only stick to the two main novels that I have selected for this essay for discussing social class and its role. With the help of this essay, I would like to study the fundamentals and the concepts that are associated with the subject and in arts and humanities. It  will help me to broaden my horizon, knowledge and understanding

Teaching Of Primary Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Teaching Of Primary Science - Essay Example It also provides examples of schools that have experimented context-based teaching in science in classrooms, and a curricular example that teachers can modify to increase student understanding of any curricular area. Finally, it provides online resources and a podcast that provide teachers with additional ideas for making their lessons more interesting and engaging, empowering, and enlightening classrooms. There have been many studies that indicate context-based approach is essential in order for student learning to take place. Research reveals that teaching Strategies are necessary in schools for teachers to effectively increase student achievement. The focus of this research study is to examine effects of context-based approaches in teaching science in Classroom. The review of literature will look at several factors related to teaching strategies. Those factors include the Traditional view of teaching science, problematic questions that arise in this research, importance of context-based teaching, in classroom. ... Context-based approaches to teaching science in primary school have become widely used over the past two decades. They aspire to foster more positive attitudes to science while, at the same time, provide a sound basis of scientific understanding for further study. One of the most distinct trends of the last two decades in science curriculum development across a number of countries has been to use contexts and applications of science as a means of developing scientific understanding. Teaching in this way is often described as adopting a context-based approach. The trend toward the use of context-based approaches is apparent across the whole age spectrum from primary through to university level, but is most noticeable in materials developed for use in the secondary age range. Traditional Teaching Style of Science Over the last two decades reports have traced students' increasingly negative attitudes to Science in Australia over the primary years of schooling, and the associated decrease in student participation in post-compulsory science (Goodrum, Hackling, & Rennie, 2001; Tytler, 2007). This decline in interest in Science in the early years of primary education is of particular concern, since it is in these years that attitudes to the pursuit of science subjects and careers are formed (Speering & Rennie, 1996). A number of studies have explicitly linked this decline in student interest with the nature of the traditional science curriculum and its inability to make science meaningful and interesting to students (Fensham, 2004; Lyons, 2006). By making Science more relevant to a broader audience we can prepare prospective science degree students and professionals, as well as

Laziness in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Laziness in America - Essay Example Now with schedules, work days running longer, various appointments, and after school activities, families are lucky if they have a frozen dinner in front of the television (the meal is not necessarily shared together). Children who once played outside for hours now have to be forced outside because they are more concerned about their cell phones, computers, and iPods. There is nothing that we could have done to prevent these changes. In a sense, it was destiny. We were bound to eventually evolve, change, and grow according to our lifestyles. The bigger this country gets, the more space we need, so houses are built bigger, cars are now SUVs, and families are having more children. Our demand for convenience have increased, bringing with it the need for fast food since we no longer have time to cook; restaurants even have drive through windows. Popularity in one-stop shopping grew, so now we can get in and out of a store, becoming more accomplished in our shopping. Computers are replaci ng not only people but many of the jobs that people once did by hand. Over the past fifty years, so much has changed. I remember the days when this technology did not exist and we seemed to manage just fine. This may cause problems for those who are becoming too dependent and relying on technology and things made ready to use with ease.

Research and Development of Anti-Retroviral Drugs Essay Example for Free

Research and Development of Anti-Retroviral Drugs Essay ‘Discuss the reasons why the research and development of anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) has impacted differently on people suffering from HIV/AIDS in developed and developing world’ HIV/AIDS still does not have a know cure, but has a treatment that slows down the affects of HIV/AIDS which is called ARV (anti-retroviral drug) The ARV drug is a very â€Å"exclusive† drug because as it is very expensive, around $400 a month if not more depending on which stage you are in, and that is a huge dilemma because many people cannot afford to pay that amount of money so they are not able to receive the treatment. If people in the first world countries cannot receive the drug, how do people in the third world receive the drug? In third world countries the drugs are given to them for free, but on the 47% gets the full treatment. The drugs are given to them by of the drug company itself of other companies that buy the ARVs from the company and send it to the place where it is needed, for example Africa. Africa is the location where the most HIV/AIDS cases are, and is also the one getting the least amount of treatment. The reason for this is because the ARV drug company wants to get their money back for all the research they put in, so giving the ARVs for free would become a great loss economically for them. The first aspect of this issue is the social part. Infrastructure is a big problem because as buildings coast a lot to construct they are not able to put up many, and you must also have trained people able to work there, which are hard to find in Africa. There are very few amount of places where you can go get tested but they have a limited amount of treatments and supplies. This is a huge problem because if people go to get better they have to wait or not get better at all due to the lack of resources. I would solve this issue by having not many small structures but several big structures so the supplies have a greater chance to arrive and more money is used wiser and more efficiently. Another social aspect of this problem is the education. In Africa the education is something that not everyon e gets, so they are not aware about how they get the disease, how they can prevent it or what are  the affects. A reason for why in Africa they do not receive the education is because there are a very few amount of teachers, and the teachers that they have may also be contaminated and are not able to execute their job correctly. HIV/AIDS affects everyone in their community because the disease spreads fast in their case (the people in Africa). This is due to their sexual behavior. Their culture does not have monogamy or a custom of only one sexual partner, but they have many different sexual partners, and that is why HIV/AIDS spreads so quickly in Africa. They also do not use protection because it is not available to most people and so chances are higher to get HIV/AIDS. Another cultural aspect is that there is a lot of prejudice against testing. Many people do not want to get tested for HIV/AIDS because one, they are scared the test might come back positive, second if it does result positive how will they tell their family/friends and thirdly how will they get the treatment they need to get. If the people get tested and do want to not tell anyone, because of various reasons, and as a result the problem amplifies and does not get solved. Another problem for the cultural aspect is get the people to take responsibility and try to change. Of coarse it is easier to ignore the problem and pretend it is not there, but that would not be helping the matter, it would be making it worse. How to solve these problems would be, in my opinion, have protection available to them, encourage testing, reassure the people that there will be a treatment for them, make them understand the severity of this issue and that if we do not take action it may get a lot worse, have session/groups for them to talk about their worries, experience ect. However before doing this we must solve the bigger problem, how do we give them the treatment for free. Another aspect of the issue is the ethical/moral part. The richer countries to some extent have an obligation to help the poorer countries, but the third world countries should not relay or take advantage because also the richer countries have their own problems to solve. For insists America is going though a very tough crisis but at the same time they are helping the less fortunate get better. The poorer countries should also take action and do something to help themselves, because they should be putting the money where it really needs to go to, the people. This leads us to another aspect of the issue, the political portion. Politics have caused a lot of mayhems in the world because they sometimes do not have they  priorities sorted out. For example in Africa instead of investing their money in this issue of HIV/AIDS and the treatments, they have decided to invest their money on weapons and in their natural recourses such as oil. It is very hard to run a third world country but it should not be an excuse. To solve these concerns although it is a difficult task but one way to solve them, in my opinion, is to have people from the first world talk and discuss about what they can do together (with the people of the third world) instead of just have the first world do everything on their own. The last aspect of this issue is the economic part. Africa is already a poor continent, having a poor economy is not helping either. They do not have enough money to circulate and this stops Africa growing, having sick people also stops the economy from growing because it is another matter they have to face. Child labor increases due to the fact that the adults are sick and are unable to work and the poor people have no way in getting better because there aren’t enough doctors. In conclusion a way to resolve the problem in the distribution of the ARVs is to have several multi-national pharmaceutical companies sponsor the ARVs, so other independent companies do not have to buy the drug and then distribute them, but by sponsoring the drug, the ARV drug company directly gives the drug to the third world countries without loosing it’s money. The multi-national pharmaceutical companies get advertisement and so they also gaining not loosing their money. As you can see this is a win, win situation. The main issue here is that the ARV drug company does not want to loose the money that they put in research so they make the drug excessively high-priced because to produce the drug is a coast next to nothing. Once the people receive the treatment, they should help educate not only the affected people but also the people that haven’t been affected yet. I believe by doing this, the transmission of the HIV/AIDS with decrease significantly and things will start to get better. I do believe that this problem is solvable.

The Fundamental Caring skill of Blood Pressure recording

The Fundamental Caring skill of Blood Pressure recording The fundamental caring skill that was chosen to demonstrate knowledge and understanding within a reflective framework was recording blood pressure. Blood pressure was chosen because it is a critical physiological function and a fundamental indicator of well being (Fullbrook 1993). It is an important and vital observation, in that it allows early therapeutic intervention should a patients status change (Fullbrook 1993). This essay will also demonstrate an understanding of best practice for the theory of blood pressure measurement of the patient. The factors which can influence different results in the measuring of blood pressure. In a model of reflection to aid the reflective process Gibbs (1998) was chosen. Before placement started we were given books for Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC 2004) code of professional conduct, and the NMC (2004) guide for students of nursing and midwifery. This gave me the guidelines and knowledge for my accountability and confidentiality. Marieb (1998) suggests that Blood Pressure may be defined as the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries in which it is contained. Differences in blood pressure between different areas of the circulation provide the driving force that keeps the blood moving through the body. Blood pressure is measured for one of two reasons, firstly to determine the patients blood pressure as a baseline prior to admission and secondly to monitor fluctuations within the blood pressure. Blood flow is defined as a volume of blood flowing from the heart through a vessel at any given time. Blood flow is equivalent to cardiac output. Resistance to the cardiac output is the opposite to flow and is a measure of the friction the blood encounters as it passes through the differently sized vessels. (Marieb 1998). There are three important sources of resistance, blood viscosity, vessel length and vessel diameter. Normal blood pressure is maintained by neural, chemicals and renal controls. Blood pressure varies from not only moment to moment but also between the distributions of the various organs of the body. It is at its lowest in neonates and increases with age, stress, and anxiety (Marieb1998). Hypertension (high blood pressure) is also hereditary, 50% of people with high blood pressure have an inherited predisposition (Marieb1998). Alcohol abuse is also linked to high blood pressure as well as renal disease for e.g. renal impairment (Marieb1998). Other factors also can include shock, myocardinal infartion, and haemorrhage factors that cause a fall in blood pressure as they reduce the cardiac output. Some patients who are taking the oral contraceptive pill can be at risk from hypertension, or anyone whos health status is being assessed. As suggested by Mallett and Dougherty (2000), Systolic pressure is the maximum pressure of the blood against the wall of the vessel following the ventricular contraction and is taken as an indication of the interity of the heart, arteries, and arterioles. Diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure of the blood against the wall of the vessel following the closure of the aortic valve and is taken as a direct indication of the blood vessel resistance. Normal blood pressure generally ranges from 100/60mmHg to 140/90mm Hg but can fluctuate within a wide range and can still be considered normal (Mallett and Dougherty 2000), Hypotension or low Blood Pressure is generally defined in adults as systolic blood pressure below 100mmHg . In many cases hypotension simply reflects individual variations e.g. postural changes that result in lack of normal reflex response leading to low blood pressure (Mallett and Dougherty 2000). Ideally the patient should be allowed to sit down for 15 minutes before blood pressure is measured. Elevation of systolic blood pressure as suggested by Mallet and Dougherty 2000 may be a temporary response to fever, physical activity or pain, even emotional stress other factors may also include obesity, a full bladder, diet, and legs crossed . Persistent elevation is diagnosed in several days apart exceeds upper limits of what is considered as normal for the patient. Mercury will be phased out of clinical use as a result of environmental, health and safety concerns and is being replaced by aneroid devices ( http://www.bpmonitoring.com/pt/re/bpm/abstract ). Two main ways of measuring blood pressure are, indirectly by use of electronic monitoring for example, a Doppler. This is a machine which is attached to a patients arm by means of a cuff. This is inflated automatically by the machine, which then reads the pressure in the artery. The result is displayed on the machine as two readings. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) which is the mean blood pressure during the reading. Mean arterial pressure is the average pressure required to push blood through the circulatory system this can be determined electronically or mathematically. Arterial pressure = 1/3 systolic pressure + 2/3 diastolic pressure. A blood measure of 130/85mmHm gives a mean pressure of 100mmHg (Mallett and Dougherty 2000). A conventional method of recording a blood pressure is carried out using a sphygmomanometer. Blood pressures were traditionally recorded this way. But in acute settings they are increasingly recorded electronically. However nurses need to learn how to record a blood pressure manually as electronic devices are not always available. When taking a blood pressure I always gain consent of the patient as regulated by the NMC (2004). I washed my hands to prevent any cross infection. Whilst this was gained I explained why, as this will allay any fears the patient may have and always endeavour to make the procedure as private as possible. Allow the person to sit down and relax prior to the procedure. Allow them to sit comfortably with their arm supported, using a pillow if possible as suggested by Mallett and Dougherty 2000 remove any restrictive clothing such as dressing gowns as this can give a false reading. I chose the cuff size as my patient was of normal weight. I position the equipment so that I can see the column clearly. After positioning the patients arm in line with the heart, I located the Brachial pulse, if a communal stethoscope has been used, I always clean the ear with alcohol swab to reduce cross infection between staff. The cuff as suggested by Mallett and Dougherty 2000 should fit snugly to the arm 2 .5 cm above the brachial pulse. Ensure the cuff fits snugly to the arm and is secure. It is suggested by Mallet and Dougherty the cuff bladder should cover 80% of the circumference of the upper arm. I always take this into consideration when choosing a cuff that you use in practice. The sizes are suggested as a guide, a standard bladder 12 by 26 cm is suitable for majority of adults. An obese bladder 12 by 40 cm for obese or oedema of the arms. A small bladder 10 by 18cm for lean adults and children. However there may be some instances where taking the blood pressure on the arm is not possible such as a cerebrovascular accident, trauma, amputation , pain, so the nurse will have to use another site to record the blood pressure . I checked that the stethoscope is in working order and placed correctly in the ears. I palpated the radial pulse, then I inflated the cuff and waited till the pulse disappeared I noted the level at which this occurred as this equates the systolic pressure. I Deflated the cuff and waited for one minute. I placed the stethoscope over the brachial pulse, I inflated the cuff to 20 mmHg above the estimated systolic pressure. Then I started to deflate the cuff slowly, listening carefully for the first korotkoff sound. Korotkoff sounds were named after Nicola Korotkoff who first identified the audible sounds of blood pressure in 1905, (Korotkoff as cited by OBrian 1977). The sounds of the Korotkoff have five phases, phase one a clear tapping sound , phase two a softening of the sound, phase three, return of the sharper sound, phase four , abrupt muffling , phase five disappearance of sound diastolic. (Roper, Logan , Tierney, 1990). I noted the measurement on the column in front of me . This is the systolic pressure- the top number. I continued listening whilst deflating the cuff I noted the change in the sounds when the sound disappears this is the Diastolic blood pressure the bottom number. I Recorded the results clearly the reading was 140/70 mmHg I informed my patient advising them if there is any change as generally patients are interested in the results and often know what their blood pressure is and can advise if its not the norm. I thanked the patient for their cooperation and ask if there is anything else they needed or that they are comfortable. I Documented the result in a clear way as in the NMC (2004) guidelines for records and record keeping. Also is it good nursing practice to compare with the last recording, note any differences and report any abnormal findings. If the result of the blood pressure recording is abnormal I always consult a doctor or nurse in charge of the result. I Disposed of the equipment safely as with health and safety and to prolong the use of the equipment, and cleaned the stethoscope again to prevent any cross infection. Put the equipment back from where I had it from so other members of team can locate it when it is needed as there is nothing more frustrating trying to locate a piece of equipment when one is needed. Whilst on my first placement in the endoscopy and treatment unit, there is a small but extremely busy ward. Patients went to the ward to recover from procedures. Following these procedures observations were routinely carried out, Temperature, blood pressure, pulse and respirations were routinely done. When the patients procedure was over observations were carried out at 15 minute intervals for the first hour, they were taken at these intervals so that if any sudden change occurred there was a possibility something might have gone wrong as a sudden drop in blood pressure can mean internal bleeding. My first blood pressure recording was using a sphygmomanometer the patient was recovering after a procedure taken place and had been sitting comfortably for 15 minutes. I introduced my self that I was a student nurse and explained that I needed to take a recording of their blood pressure and could I do so I gained permission and asked if they had had this procedure done before to which Mrs Smith (a pseudonym) said yes she had. I washed my hands to prevent any cross infection. I followed the protocol for taking a manual blood pressure as suggested by Mallett and Dougherty (2000). I washed my hands and I removed any restrictive clothing, my patient was wearing a dressing gown as this can cause a false reading. I got the equipment making sure it was clean, and cleaned the ear pieces to prevent any cross infection (Wilson. 2001). I ensured the air was removed from the cuff. I located the brachial artery listened for a pulse I found this. I placed the cuff securely then I palpated the radial pulse and inflated the cuff until the radial pulse disappeared I noted this. I waited a minute asking the patient if she was comfortable. I inflated the cuff to around 20mmHg above the expected pressure. I made sure that I could see the column in front of me to avoid any mistakes and putting the patient through the procedure again so soon. I deflated the cuff at around 2mm per second, I listened out for the systolic pressure the first korotkoff phase. These can have many v arying sounds from a thud to a swishing, to a muffled sound. I noted the first sound and waited for the second phase, korotkoff phase 5 to disappear and noted the recording which was 140/70 mmHg I told the patient what the reading was and documented it on her care plan. Throughout this procedure you have to really concentrate and make sure no interruptions can take place as you can miss the korotkoff sounds. I actually couldnt get the first korotkoff sounds on my first attempt so I explained to the patient and gained permission again to take the recording. To which she agreed, I felt self-conscious and nervous as I had missed the first korotkoff sounds but very pleased when I did manage to get the recording a second time. Having an underpinning knowledge in the procedure for taking blood pressure helps to understand the theory behind the practice. To conclude my essay the skill of recording blood pressure is a vital one for the nurse, as we can not always rely on having electronic equipment to hand. I also gained that if different circumstances can have an effect on the pressure reading. I feel I have gained a learning skill I was quite worried about this skill but practice makes easier. The more blood pressure recordings I took me soon realised that no two patients were the same. I also learned that different factors can affect blood pressure, from the patient rushing in late for his appointment which can lead to elevated blood pressure. It has also given me a lot of confidence in myself and confidence with the patients I care for. Word Count 2,200.

How Americans Have Fought War Throughout History Essay -- American War

War is an art form. Everything from the tactics of battle to the uniforms to the weapons to the soldiers, every part has a certain role to play. From the very beginnings of war, there have been those societies that have excelled. Take the Spartans of ancient Rome. Considered by some as the greatest warriors of all time, these human war machines were bred for war. Boys were taken at young ages and taught the art of war until it became part of their soul. Then there were the Mongols. These fierce Central Asian steppe peoples dominated the Asian mainland for nearly a century. Fast forward a few years and the British Empire takes form, and sea warfare is perfected by the British Royal Navy. Now it seems as though America has become the world standard for military power. In its short history of war, America has employed the use of innovative tactics and controversial strategies, all of which were necessary for American victory. America’s first war, its war for independence included the use of a new strategy. American militia men, knowing they were overwhelmingly outmatched by the British Army, used a form of guerilla warfare in order to defeat the British. The colonists would launch surprise attacks on the unsuspecting British, catching them by surprise and sometimes defeating them (Kraplin 5). This was a step away from the form of warfare the British were used to. There were many other tactics the colonists used that the British were not used to, as well. The militiamen would often hide behind trees and fire upon the British soldiers as they marched by (5). This was also new to the British soldiers, who were used to facing an enemy on an open field, lining up, and firing away. This strategy also fit into the form of a g... ...y of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 1968. Pike, John. "Napalm." Globalsecurity.org. N.p., 27 Nov 2005. Web. 23 May 2010. Preston, Anthony, Decisive Battles of the Pacific War. Chartwell Book, Seacus, NJ, 1979. Roth, David E., The Civil War. Quadrillion Publishing. 1992 Simkin, John, Chemical Warfare, n. pag., Web. 14 Mar 2010 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/VNchemical.html Thomson, Sir Robert. War in Peace. London, England: Orbis Publishing Ltd., 1981. 181-168. Print. US Dept. of Energy, . "The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima."US Department of Energy: Office of Heritage and History. US Department of Energy, n.d. Web . 20 May 2010. . Weigley, Russel F., The American Way of War. Indiana University Press. Bloomington, IN, 1973.

The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn Essay -- Literary Analysis, Mark Twa

â€Å"When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became man, I put my childish ways behind me (NIC: 1Corinthians 13:11) In the life of every individual, there are various events and stages, such as death, crime, overcoming fear and undergoing moral growth, which transform immature individuals into serious and mature people. In Mark Twain’s novels, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, one sees this transformation and growth in the two main characters by facing conflicts and events, these being Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn In beginning of the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, one sees Tom as a crafty, intelligent, and imaginative boy with excellent theatrical skills. â€Å"Twain invented the American archetype of the prankish, widely imaginative boy with a taste for adventure in The Adventure of Tom Sawyer†.(Gillespie1) Tom never takes anything seriously, and never seems to have a real problem, as he is a careless individual. â€Å"He expends his gift mainly on tricking [and] getting in and out of trouble. (Swan1). His carelessness is displayed, when his aunt forces him to whitewash the fence as punishment, as in The Adventure of Tom Sawyer: â€Å"Like it? Well, I don’t see why I oughtn’t to like it. Dose a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day?†(Twain, The adventure of Tom Sawyer 13) Without even thinking of a reason for being punished, he manages to do no work by persuading Ben Rogers and others to whitewash fence.(13) Tom’s transformation begins when h e witness the murder of Dr. Robinson by an accident. Unlike any other ‘incident’ he had ever had to face, he faces this one with fears. However, feels wrong staying out of the situation. â€Å"Sho! It’s t... ...leberry to betray Jim, Huckleberry keeps his friendship by protecting Jim from trouble.†(Park 1) â€Å"Goodness sakes, would a runaway nigger run south?†(216) When the Duke and the Dauphin ask whether Jim is runaway slave, Huck stand up for Jim by asking them whether the runaway black will go down to south. Huck stands up for Jim and demonstrates his courage, showing his transformation from being selfish and careless to being loyal and caring person. In Mark Twain’s novel â€Å"Tom Sawyer† and â€Å"The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn† certain event and conflict helps growth and transformation of the two main characters. Tom, a careless individual who seems to have no problems, grows and transforms into a caring person by facing his problems and struggling. Huckleberry, also demonstrate his transformation in his adventures with runaway slave Jim and by living with Widow Douglas.

Essay --

During adolescents, there is an increased vulnerability for depression due to biological, cognitive, and socio-environmental changes. For this paper, I will be discussing Scarlet, a 16 year old Hispanic female whose parents have divorced two years ago, and because of that Scarlet has been displaying symptoms of Persistent Depressive Disorder and Oppositional and Defiant Disorder. This paper will review literature which supports Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as being an effective form of treatment for depression with adolescents. I will also review literature which supports Family Therapy as being an effective treatment for adolescents with parent-child relational problems. I will also discuss any issues related to culture, ethnicity, and age regarding Scarlet and her family. Client’s Presenting Problems Scarlet is a sixteen year old Hispanic female who resides in Edison with her biological mother. Scarlet is currently a junior at JP Steven’s high school. Scarlet was referred because she is displaying symptoms of depression as evidenced by isolating herself from her family and peers, irritability, excessive sleeping, a history of suicidal ideations, and a loss of interests she used to enjoy. Scarlet also displays oppositional and defiant behaviors as evidenced by constant argumentative behavior, anger outbursts, refusal to follow the rules, and cursing and screaming at her mom on a daily basis. Scarlet was hospitalized at UMDNJ for six days in January of 2013 following an incident where a truant officer picked her off of the street. Scarlet’s mother reported Scarlet was texting her â€Å"I wish I was dead.† Scarlet’s mother reported both parents divorced two years ago and Scarlet’s behavior began to decline shortly... ...e to her age and her issues could not be taken serious simply because she is a â€Å"teenager†. In conclusion, There is an increased vulnerability for depression in adolescents due to biological, cognitive, and socio-environmental changes. For this paper, I discussed Scarlet, a 16 year old Hispanic female whose parents have divorced two years ago, and because of that Scarlet has been displaying symptoms of Persistent Depressive Disorder and Oppositional and Defiant Disorder. I reviewed literature which supports Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as being an effective form of treatment for depression with adolescents. I will also reviewed literature which supports Family Therapy as being an effective treatment for adolescents with parent-child relational problems. Scarlet will most likely benefit from CBT and family therapy given the involvement of her parents in therapy.

Disadvantages of Corporations

Double Taxation Double Taxation: Depending on what special rights and restrictions are attached to the shares, and how the profits of the corporation are paid out to the shareholders, there is the possibility of double taxation: the corporation must pay taxes on its profits and the shareholder may be subject to taxation on the profits paid out. This can result in greater taxation than if a corporation was not used for the business.C corporations pay taxes on profits when corporate income is distributed to owners (shareholders) in the form of dividends. This is the first taxation. The shareholders who receive dividends must also pay taxes for this distribution on their personal returns. This is the second taxation of the same money. The corporation itself does not pay taxes twice, but just the sound of â€Å"double taxation† can make potential business owners cringe. However, there is an out. Choose the IRS’ â€Å"S Corporation† tax status to avoid double taxation .In other systems, dividends are taxed at a lower rate than other income)(for example, in the US) or shareholders are taxed directly on the corporations profits and dividends are not taxed Double taxation is levying of tax by two or more jurisdictions on the same declared income (in the case of income taxes), asset (in the case of income taxes), or financial transaction (in the case of sales taxes). This double liability is often migrated by tax treaties between countries.Example: You decide to set up a corporation and have a profit of 1,000,000 in the first year. Suppose the government taxes corporate profits at 30%, then the corporation has to pay 300,000 in taxes. It is decided that 500,000 will be distributed as dividends and the dividend tax is 10%, so you will lose a further 50,000 to the government when you file your personal taxes. This is the concept of double taxation: first the company was taxed for its profits, and later shareholders were taxed for their dividends. (http s://www. boundless. om/business/types-business-ownership/corporations/disadvantages-corporations/) In many countries, corporate profits are taxed at a corporate tax rate, and dividends paid to shareholders are taxed at a separate rate. Such a system is sometimes referred to as â€Å"double taxation†, because any profits distributed to shareholders will eventually be taxed twice. One solution to this (as in the case of Australian and UK tax systems)is for the recipient of the dividend to be entitled to a tax credit, which addresses the fact that the profits represented by the dividend have already been taxed.The company profit being passed on is therefore effectively only taxed at the rate of tax paid by the eventual recipient of the dividend. In other systems, dividends are taxed at a lower rate than other income (for example, in the US) or shareholders are taxed directly on the corporation’s profits and dividends are not taxed. For example, S corporations in the US do not pay any federal income taxes. Instead, the corporation’s income or losses are divided among and passed through to its shareholders.The shareholders must then report the income or loss on their own individual income tax returns. For C corporations, the corporation ends up paying taxes twice. First, when the C corporation turns a profit, it pays a corporate tax rate on the profit amount. The second time the C corporation pays taxes is when it pays dividends to shareholders. Many businesses that incorporate choose to incorporate as an S corporation instead in order to avoid paying taxes twice. The only difference between a C corporation and an S corporation is a tax designation filed with the IRS using Form 2553.According to the IRS, an S corporation can choose to pass the income, losses, deductions and credit for the corporation through to the shareholders of the corporation for federal tax purposes. This avoids the double taxation possibility a C corporation is subject to . Double taxation. A possibility of â€Å"double taxation may arise on the dividends it pays. The corporation is taxed on its income. Then, if the corporation distributes some of the net income to the stockholders as a dividend, the dividend will be taxed again on the stockholders’ personal income tax returns.In case of corporations there is double taxation. First of all the corporate income is taxed at a flat rate and then the dividends paid to the shareholders is taxed. It may result to double taxation. Since the corporation is already taxed on its income, distributing this income to shareholders in the form of dividends may result to double taxation. This is because the dividend income received by the shareholders (natural persons) is also taxed on their personal income tax returns. Director and shareholder liabilityDirector and Shareholder Liability: While the general rule is limited liability, there are situations where directors and even shareholders of a corporation c ould be held personally liable for certain acts or failures of the corporation. There are many statutes that created personal liability on the part of directors and even shareholders. Also, the directors or shareholders might engage in activities, or fail to take certain steps, that could create personal liability. Without proper legal advise on the activities of a corporation, the benefits of using a corporation to conduct business could be lost.Record keeping Record Keeping: A corporation will be required to keep records of its shareholders, directors and officers, any changes of the shareholders, directors and officers, as well as records of its debts. Records of various other transactions or changes in the corporation must also be kept. Some of the records are open to public inspection; for example, anyone could have access to the list of shareholders although the new Business Corporations Act does have some restrictions. Corporations need to maintain more records than other bus iness entities.Corporations must file annual reports and tax returns and maintain business bank accounts and records that are separate from personal accounts. Shareholder meeting records, board of director meeting records, licenses and other corporate records also are necessary. (http://smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-disadvantages-corporate-form-business-4389. html) Cost of organization Cost of Organization: The cost of organization for a corporation can be greater than for a sole proprietorship or a partnership. As well, there will be legal fees involved. There are many filing fees associated with forming a corporation.Nonprofits must file even more paperwork because they must apply to the IRS for tax exemption status (minimum $750 to apply). In a few states, nonprofits may also have to file separately for state tax exemption status. Even small fees can add up if you are cash-strapped already. The fees and legal costs required to form a corporation may be substantial, especia lly if the business is just being started and the corporation is low on financial resources. * The fees and legal costs required to form a corporation may be substantial, especially if the business is just being started and the corporation is low on financial resources. The fees and legal costs required to form a corporation may be substantial, especially if the business is just being started and the corporation is low on financial resources. One of the primary disadvantages of a corporation is the costs for running a corporate form of business. It costs money to incorporate with the state where the business operates. You can choose to hire an attorney or accountant to help you complete the incorporation paperwork, but it is not a requirement. If you incorporate directly with the Secretary of State, as of 2010, the fee ranges from $99 to $150.Beyond the initial incorporation fees, the corporate form of business also has ongoing fees associated with it. An annual report fee can range up to $150 a year for each year the corporation exists after the initial incorporation filing. . Incorporation is costly. Incorporating a business needs to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and may involve a lot of formal and legal papers, such as by laws, articles of incorporation, affidavit and board resolutions. This is sometimes done by getting the service of a corporate attorney or firms which are specialized in incorporating a business.It may also require higher amount of initial or paid-up capital for other types of corporation like financing and lending corporations. Furthermore, the amount of subscribed capital is taxed with documentary stamp tax, which may result to additional expenses to be incurred by the incorporators. (http://businesstips. ph/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-forming-a-corporation/) Greater Regulation Greater Regulation A corporation can be subject to greater regulation that can add to the cost of doing business.Various regulations may have to be complied with, for example, to sell shares, or raise capital. (http://www. whatisacorporation. com/html/disadvantages_of_corporation. html) Complexity in organization and regulation. To incorporate a business, an application with the Securities and Exchange Commission must be filed and approved. A higher capital requirement is also sometimes required for other type of corporations. Once approved, the corporation must comply with the numbers of regulations and reportorial requirements which are specifically implemented for corporations. http://businessaccent. com/2009/02/07/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-forming-a-corporation/) Corporations are highly regulated. Ordinary corporations are regulated by the SEC. Special corporations may be required with secondary licenses and are further regulated by other government agencies, such as Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) for financing and lending companies, Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for companies op erating secondary schools and Insurance Commission (IC) for insurance companies.Moreover, corporations also need to comply with the quarterly or annual reportorial requirements with the SEC and other agencies requiring those reports for certain types of corporations. This also means that the more compliance it requires, the more paper works and cost it involves. And when there are more to comply, bigger penalties are awaiting to be paid if they are not complied. Corporations can be complicated to form Corporations must file Articles of Incorporation with the state they are incorporating in for which states charge different filing fees.They may also need to file Bylaws, which may require the help of an attorney to write. Most states also require corporations to file annual documents and/or franchise tax fees. Nonprofits typically also have to pay fees for registering their charity each year. Although many entrepreneurs do file all their own paperwork, if you are new to business you s hould at least consult with a business attorney before attempting to form a corporation on your own. (http://womeninbusiness. about. com/od/corporations/a/corp-disadvant. tm) Establishing a corporation is a complex process and requires registration with the central regulatory authority and listing on a stock exchange which required fulfillment of certain requirements related to the amount of capital, number of directors, etc. Ownership Another disadvantage of corporations is that, as Adam Smith pointed out in the Wealth of Nations, when ownership is separated from management (i. e the actual production process required to obtain the capital), the latter will inevitably begin to neglect the interests of the former, creating dysfunction within the company.Some maintain that recent events in corporate America may serve to reinforce Smith’s warnings about the dangers of legally protected, collectivist hierarchies. Centralized management. Its centralized management restricts a mor e active participation by stockholders who are not major owners in the conduct of corporate affairs. Normally the corporations have a large number of shareholders; they delegate the governance function to a body of persons called board of directors. The

Benefits Of Reading Books Essay

I’ve found that no matter what I read, the act of reading every day has helped me in nearly every aspect of my life. Here are a few of my favorite ways that reading has improved my quality of life, and will definitely improve yours. 1. Mental Stimulation Studies have shown that staying mentally stimulated can slow the progressof (or possibly even prevent) Alzheimer’s and Dementia, since keeping your brain active and engaged prevents it from losing power. Just like any other muscle in the body, the brain requires exercise to keep it strong and healthy, so the phrase â€Å"use it or lose it† is particularly apt when it comes to your mind. Doing puzzles and playing games such as chess have also been found to be helpful with cognitive stimulation. 2. Stress Reduction No matter how much stress you have at work, in your personal relationships, or countless other issues faced in daily life, it all just slips away when you lose yourself in a great story. A well-written novel can transport you to other realms, while an engaging article will distract you and keep you in the present moment, letting tensions drain away and allowing you to relax. 3. Knowledge Everything you read fills your head with new bits of information, and you never know when it might come in handy. The more knowledge you have, the better-equipped you are to tackle any challenge you’ll ever face. Additionally, here’s a bit of food for thought: should you ever find yourself in dire circumstances, remember that although you might lose everything else—your job, your possessions, your money, even your health—knowledge can never be taken from you. 4. Vocabulary Expansion This goes with the above topic: the more you read, the more words you gain exposure to, and they’ll inevitably make their way into your everyday vocabulary. Being articulate and well-spoken is of great help in any profession, and knowing that you can speak to higher-ups with self-confidence can be an enormous boost to your self-esteem. It could even  aid in your career, as those who are well-read, well-spoken, and knowledgeable on a variety of topics tend to get promotions more quickly (and more often) than those with smaller vocabularies and lack of awareness of literature, scientific breakthroughs, and global events. Reading books is also vital for learning new languages, as non-native speakers gain exposure to words used in context, which will ameliorate their own speaking and writing fluency. 5. Memory Improvement When you read a book, you have to remember an assortment of characters, their backgrounds, ambitions, history, and nuances, as well as the various arcs and sub-plots that weave their way through every story. That’s a fair bit to remember, but brains are marvellous things and can remember these things with relative ease. Amazingly enough, every new memory you create forges new synapses (brain pathways)and strengthens existing ones, which assists in short-term memory recall as well as stabilizing moods. How cool is that? 6. Stronger Analytical Thinking Skills Have you ever read an amazing mystery novel, and solved the mystery yourself before finishing the book? If so, you were able to put critical and analytical thinking to work by taking note of all the details provided and sorting them out to determine â€Å"whodunnit†. That same ability to analyze details also comes in handy when it comes to critiquing the plot; determining whether it was a well-written piece, if the characters were properly developed, if the storyline ran smoothly, etc. Should you ever have an opportunity to discuss the book with others, you’ll be able to state your opinions clearly, as you’ve taken the time to really consider all the aspects involved. 7. Improved Focus and Concentration In our internet-crazed world, attention is drawn in a million different directions at once as we multi-task through every day. In a single 5-minute span, the average person will divide their time between working on a task, checking email, chatting with a couple of people (via gchat, skype, etc.), keeping an eye on twitter, monitoring their smartphone, and interacting with co-workers. This type of ADD-like behaviour causes stress levels to rise, andlowers our productivity. When you read a book, all of your attention is  focused on the story—the rest of the world just falls away, and you can immerse yourself in every fine detail you’re absorbing. Try reading for 15-20 minutes before work (i.e. on your morning commute, if you take public transit), and you’ll be surprised at how much more focused you are once you get to the office. 8. Better Writing Skills This goes hand-in-hand with the expansion of your vocabulary: exposure to published, well-written work has a noted effect on one’s own writing, as observing the cadence, fluidity, and writing styles of other authors will invariably influence your own work. In the same way that musicians influence one another, and painters use techniques established by previous masters, so do writers learn how to craft prose by reading the works of others. 9. Tranquility In addition to the relaxation that accompanies reading a good book, it’s possible that the subject you read about can bring about immense inner peace and tranquility. Reading spiritual texts can lower blood pressure and bring about an immense sense of calm, while reading self-help books has been shown to help people suffering from certain mood disorders and mild mental illnesses. 10. Free Entertainment Though many of us like to buy books so we can annotate them and dog-ear pages for future reference, they can be quite pricey. For low-budget entertainment, you can visit your local library and bask in the glory of the countless tomes available there for free. Libraries have books on every subject imaginable, and since they rotate their stock and constantly get new books, you’ll never run out of reading materials.

Negative Effects of Marijuana Use

When someone says the phrase â€Å"pot head†, what do people think of? Does the stereotypical street bum, pickpocket, or druggie come to mind, or is it possible that this type of person could be the normal neighbor next door? Marijuana use is looked down upon by society in general but more and more people are taking advantage of it. Marijuana has favorable effects for its users when it comes to physical feeling and experience, but it can also put our families and those that we expose it to in uncomfortable and often dangerous situations. The scientific term for marijuana is â€Å"Cannabis Sativa†, but is also referred to as weed, Mary Jane, grass, hash, and countless other street names. Marijuana can be smoked or eaten, the former often in the form of a joint, blunt, or bowl. Marijuana use in the United States has been on a slow increase since its extreme popularity in the 1960’s and 70’s. Marijuana is illegal in the United States, but this obstacle hasn’t been able to stop teenagers from gaining access to it. It is estimated that at least 49 percent of high school seniors experiment with marijuana at least once prior to graduating high school and that 22 percent of high school seniors smoke marijuana at least once a month. The effects of marijuana can influence all aspects of life, from the users’ educational and extra-curricular environment to their home and family life. Most doctors and physicians believe that marijuana use affects a person’s ability to retain information and learn in general. In a quote from John P. Walters, â€Å"Marijuana directly affects the brain†¦.It impairs the ability of young people to concentrate and retain information during their peak learning years.† THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), which is the main property in marijuana, attaches to nerve receptors in the hippocampal area of the brain. This attachment distorts functions necessary for long-term memory and also weakens short-term memory. The effects that long-term marijuana use has on the brain and its processes can seriously endanger a students learning and educational environment. It can make memorization more difficult, studying harder, and concentrating and focusing an arduous task. The health risks that marijuana use poses to the individual are somewhat intimidating. First, the risk of heart attack for the smoker more than quadruples during the first hour of use. The effects of weed on the lungs are similar, if not more harmful, to the effects of tobacco. Burning and itching of the throat and esophagus are common, along with excessive coughing, increased heart beat, and an increased pulse. Marijuana use while pregnant with a child can cause lung/respiratory infections in the mother and slow the motor functions of the unborn child. Anxiety and panic attacks are also common results of long-term use. When faced with the side effects of using marijuana, the question is â€Å"Why do people continue smoking?† Some experts say that marijuana is addictive, but others are adamant that marijuana doesn’t contain addictive properties that are in things such as cigarettes and alcohol. Me as this being an experience in my life, I don’t agree to marijuana being addictive but for most it is a longterm drug mainly used to fit it or look cool , but that wasn’t my case and in the long anybody who does that drug will regret it. So my advice , pass it !

Indigenous Culture Website Reviews Essay

Indigenous People of Arctic Russia What is the main purpose of the website you found? The main purpose of the article was to educate about the people of Arctic Russia. It goes into detail about the oppression of the people and the plan to erase the culture that they hold as an important part of their lifestyle. It also explains the current events that are happening between the state and the indigenous people. What roles and observances are sacred to this indigenous group? The roles that are sacred are the shamans and the sacred sites within the environment that they are located. How, if at all, has the culture or religion of this group changed or evolved over time? Throughout the years, the culture has suffered many ups and downs. The loss of the traditions was beginning to happen due to the interference of people not native to the land or the tribe settling in the area. The state also passed laws and in result has taken land and other resources from them. Currently efforts are being taken to re-energize the resources that were taken from the indigenous people and save some of the resources were not destroyed throughout the years. Has modern society (Western Culture) had an impact on this indigenous group? Western society played a part with the destruction of the resources in Northern Siberia. With the help of the Europeans, both were mainly responsible for the depletion of the land due to petroleum and hydroelectric mining. What is one thing you learned about this indigenous group from the website that surprised you or that you found interesting? The one thing I’m surprised in is the similarities the indigenous people of Serbia and Native of the United States. Both live off the land and had similar problem with the resources. What, in your opinion, makes this website authoritative? Because everybody knows about the native Americans but little is known about the natives of Russia and the trail and tribulations. Question Response Website #2 URL: http://australia. gov. au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-indigenous-cultural-heritage Name of Indigenous culture/religion presented in Web site Australian Indigenous cultural heritage What is the main purpose of the website you found? The purpose is to explain the religion, culture, and the way of life of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. What roles and observances are sacred to this indigenous group? The land is sacred to both cultures. The belief they have is the land is sustained and is sustained by the people. How, if at all, has the culture or religion of this group changed evolved over time? The culture has changed with the introduction of the European culture and the result of the decrease of the culture with the introduction of Christianity. Has modern society (Western Culture) had an impact on this indigenous group? With the introduction of metal, glass and metal within the culture from the Europeans, they understood the ease with using the materials versus just using rock. What is one thing you learned about this indigenous group from the website that surprised you or that you found interesting? I’ve learned that their traditions and way of life is one of the oldest cultures in the world. The culture currently exists today in Australia and there are more than 500 different nations that exist. What, in your opinion, makes this website authoritative? In my opinion is for the tourist that plan to go there for vacation. The site goes into the culture that the aborigines has to offer but not much into the past between the people and the country. ï » ¿Indigenous Culture Website Reviews Essay Name of Indigenous culture/religion presented in Web site Indigenous People of Arctic Russia What is the main purpose of the website you found? The main purpose of the article was to educate about the people of Arctic Russia. It goes into detail about the oppression of the people and the plan to erase the culture that they hold as an important part of their lifestyle. It also explains the current events that are happening between the state and the indigenous people. What roles and observances are sacred to this indigenous group? The roles that are sacred are the shamans and the sacred sites within the environment that they are located. How, if at all, has the culture or religion of this group changed or evolved over time? Throughout the years, the culture has suffered many ups and downs. The loss of the traditions was beginning to happen due to the interference of people not native to the land or the tribe settling in the area. The state also passed laws and in result has taken land and other resources from them. Currently efforts are being taken to re-energize the resources that were taken from the indigenous people and save some of the resources were not destroyed throughout the years. Has modern society (Western Culture) had an impact on this indigenous group? Western society played a part with the destruction of the resources in Northern Siberia. With the help of the Europeans, both were mainly responsible for the depletion of the land due to petroleum and hydroelectric mining. What is one thing you learned about this indigenous group from the website that surprised you or that you found interesting? The one thing I’m surprised in is the similarities the indigenous people of Serbia and Native of the United States. Both live off the land and had similar problem with the resources. What, in your opinion, makes this website authoritative? Because everybody knows about the native Americans but little is known about the natives of Russia and the trail and tribulations. Question Response Website #2 URL: http://australia. gov. au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-indigenous-cultural-heritage Name of Indigenous culture/religion presented in Web site Australian Indigenous cultural heritage What is the main purpose of the website you found? The purpose is to explain the religion, culture, and the way of life of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. What roles and observances are sacred to this indigenous group? The land is sacred to both cultures. The belief they have is the land is sustained and is sustained by the people. How, if at all, has the culture or religion of this group changed evolved over time? The culture has changed with the introduction of the European culture and the result of the decrease of the culture with the introduction of Christianity. Has modern society (Western Culture) had an impact on this indigenous group? With the introduction of metal, glass and metal within the culture from the Europeans, they understood the ease with using the materials versus just using rock. What is one thing you learned about this indigenous group from the website that surprised you or that you found interesting? I’ve learned that their traditions and way of life is one of the oldest cultures in the world. The culture currently exists today in Australia and there are more than 500 different nations that exist. What, in your opinion, makes this website authoritative? In my opinion is for the tourist that plan to go there for vacation. The site goes into the culture that the aborigines has to offer but not much into the past between the people and the country.

Why were the framers of the Constitution concerned about the central Essay

Why were the framers of the Constitution concerned about the central government having too much power How did they address that issue Include proper in-text citations in APA format to support your answer - Essay Example The government was divided into three arms: the legislative, judicial and executive. Each arm had its specific and separate powers bestowed on it. In order to monitor the powers of these divisions, each arm was granted capacity to monitor the other two arms of the government. This would check that no arms gains excessive power. To make sure that the powers of the national government did not override the powers of the state governments, some powers were delegated to the federal government while some was reserved for the state government. Other power was shared between the two governments. This was termed as federalism. This made kept the balance that the central government did not have extreme powers while the state government powers were not dwarfed (Hames & Ekern,

Selecting and Model and Anticipating Barriers posts Assignment

Selecting and Model and Anticipating Barriers posts - Assignment Example In matters of oral health, â€Å"...perceived severity...and...Perceived benefits† should be the main concepts in promotion of oral hygiene. Perceived severity of oral problems is usually low as oral problems are not perceived as fatal; however, quality of life is significantly lowered e.g. through pain and a problem like halitosis limits social interaction. Dentists thus can be involved in HBM by showing the benefits of prevention and healthy living; especially financial benefits and avoidance of pain (Maurer & Smith, 2009). I agree that â€Å"People know what is good for their health but it is difficult for them to change their behavior.† This might stem from them not knowing the actual steps needed to lead healthier lives in spite of them having insight to the health problems they face. By integrating people in decision-making, they are part of the solution thus likely to adopt change than when they feel the proposed changes are alien to them (Center for Disease Control and

Software Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Software Engineering - Essay Example Progress tracking measurement The domains of software engineering projects are clearly defined in the knowledge areas of software engineering. Generally, it undergoes the different software engineering processes and different software engineering cycles. These knowledge areas, processes, and cycles are described in the Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK), 2004 Version. Specifically, software engineering measurement undergoes the following process: 1. Establish and sustain measurement commitment, 2. Plan the measurement process, 3. Perform the measurement process, and 4. Evaluate measurement. (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 8-6, 8-7, 8-8) In establishing and sustaining measurement commitment you need to: 1. Accept the requirements for measurement by defining the scope of measurement and committing the management and staff to measurement; and 2. Commit resources to management. (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 8-7) In planning the measurement process you need to: 1. Identify the information needs, 2. Select measures, 3. Define data collection, analysis, and reporting procedures., 4. Define criteria for evaluating the information products, 5. Review, approve and provide resources for measurement tasks, and 6. Acquire and deploy supporting technologies. (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 8-7, 8-8) In performing the measurement process you need to: 1. Integrate measurement procedures with relevant technologies, 2. Collect data, 3. Analyze data and develop information products, and communicate the results. (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 8-8)

Strategic Management (M&S strategic analysis) Essay

Strategic Management (M&S strategic analysis) - Essay Example To maintain this, the company needs to develop a strategy that will take into consideration all the factors that might affect the sales of the company (Prince, M. 2012, 23). The aim of this essay is to determine all the factors that might affect the sales of each of the products of Marks and Spencer and come up with the most relevant strategy to help the company reach its goal. In an institution that relies on the will of a customer in a big part like Marks and Spencer, it would be prudent to have a plan that takes into consideration most of the needs of the customer (Worth, R. 2007, 62). This is just one of the needs that the company should take into consideration. For maximum productivity, the company must evaluate each of the PESTEL factors. This is to avoid being in trouble with the administration and other bodies. The company should make sure that its waste is not harmful to the environment. A big company like Marks and Spencer could easily bring catastrophic damages to the environment. The fact that it is widely over Europe, which makes it very visible, and the public is very conscious of what they do. If the company started destroying the environment, it would be seen by everyone, and this would lead to them loosing the trust and love of the customer (Marketing Society. 2009, 15). The company should also take into consideration the international tie s between the various countries that they operate in. It should follow the rules of the country to the latter. The other issue that the company should consider is how they treat their staff. A general well treatment of the members of a certain company brings a general improvement of output among the workers. This, in return, is beneficial to the company since they get products of better quality. The company should also take into huge consideration their competitors and the range of services that they offer.

Quantum Cryptography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantum Cryptography - Essay Example Both properties form a third strength of quantum cryptography in terms of security. This strong point occurs from every new QKD term code being free of all formerly used codes as this independence lowers the number of methods a criminal can infiltrate the system (Cobourne and Cid, 2011, p. 5). A fourth strength is the future proofing of security offered by QKD. Even when a malefactor breaks through a cryptographic system at any indefinite period in the future, former messages conveyed through it stay secure (Cobourne and Cid, 2011, p. 5). Mathematics has demonstrated the absolute security of QKD networks. Even when dealing with a rival that has endless supplies of time and energy, security of QKD networks are unbreakable. One weakness of quantum cryptography is that quantum mediums are only functional over limited space (Rothke, 2007, p. 1055). This is a technical weakness as it occurs when one evaluates the realities of QKD application. Today, quantum mediums cannot convey data quick enough to offer sufficient levels of service, which forms a second technical weakness. Thirdly, quantum optic gear is susceptible to attacks. Quantum cryptography requires costly setups for upholding quantum processing, which serves as a weakness for mathematics, computer, and physics researchers who cannot afford such infrastructure (Cobourne and Cid, 2011, p. 6). Another weakness is the possibility of quantum cryptography â€Å"killing† mathematical progressions at any period in the future irrespective of quantum computing advancements (Rothke, 2007, p. 1055). Commercially, the promise of ideal security may not be a significant enough imperative for businesses to permit the cost of customized gear and infrastructure (Nano 2014). Since conventional cryptography offers more than sufficient security, businesses will consider the uncertain advantages of quantum cryptography an unworthy risk and weakness (Lydersen et

Abstract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Abstract - Essay Example Modern management will have to adapt to the challenges of the present as well as the future, according to change brought in by rapidly evolving technologies such as the internet. The conventions and rules created by theorists back in the 20th century, although redundant and inefficient, still continue to drive the management strategies of almost all business organizations. Hamel asserts that management is now out of date because there have been no great breakthroughs in management practices that have revolutionary impact on business. It is not the operating or the business model but its management model that limits the performance of a business. Innovation in management practices has the potential of generating long-term advantages for a business. Thus, it is concluded that business organizations have to rework their management practices in line with the changing demands of the 21st century and with the current technological and economic

If you invest $20 million in China Research Paper

If you invest $20 million in China - Research Paper Example The economy’s growth potential therefore identifies room for more investments and capitalizing $ 20 million dollars is not likely to stretch the economy’s resources (Oecd 33). Another significant macroeconomic indicator for determining investment decision in a country is the trend in inflation rate. Inflation defines a steady and significant rise in commodity prices. It can similarly be defined as a continuous decrease in the value of money in an economy. Inflation would therefore induce a loss in invested money because the investment’s value will be lower than the original one and even derived profits might not be able to compensate for the loss from inflation. Inflation trends in China however offer a good indicator because it has conveyed a decreasing trend. The inflation rate was for example reported at 6.9 in the year 2004 and the value had steadily decreased to 2.5 by the year 2008. The steady trend further projects high probability of lower inflation rates in future and this means that an invested amount in the economy is not likely to lose its value. The trend that can be forecasted to persist further shows that an investment in China has high chances of gaining value as the country’s inflation rate continue to decrease (Oecd 33). A review of the past trend of China’s consumer price index also offers a basis for determining prospects of investing the $ 20 million in the economy. The macroeconomic indicator defines percentage change in a group of commodities’ weighted prices and is related to inflation. A fall in consumer price index, as represented by the Chinese economy therefore implies economic stability and improving money’s value with time. The index was for example reported at about four in the year 2004 and... Business organizations are established with the prime objective of making profit through entrepreneurial ventures that may identify diversified economic risk. It is therefore necessary to analyze economic environment around a business in order to understand its possible risks and benefits before deciding on establishing a business. Making decisions over which economy to invest in may require analysis of microeconomic and macroeconomic factors of economies of interest for evaluation and comparison of involved risks and benefits. Similarly, an investor who has focused on one economy needs to evaluate the economy’s factors before establishing a venture. In this paper, the potential and risks of investing $ 20 million in China are investigated, based on the country’s macro and microeconomic indicators. The country’s major challenges are however its banking system that is strictly regulated by the government and its currency that does not reflect real value against other currencies. The government’s regulation may hinder delivery of quality and unbiased banking services and may allow for government control on investments. Trends in China’s macroeconomic indicators identify investment potential in the economy that indicates high probability of further expansion and favorable economic factors. The increasing real gross domestic product, decreasing inflation rate, and falling consumer price index indicates the economy’s trend of increasing stability that is safe for investments. Even though government control over banks and the country’s currency are threats to investment in China, the identifiable potentials are more significant.

Life and Oxygen Essay Example for Free

Life and Oxygen Essay This assignment requires answering questions based on the exhibit â€Å"The Earliest Traces of Life† at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. The exhibit that you are to see is on the right side as you enter the Rotunda from Jefferson Street. Enter the exhibit hall under the dinosaur banner. As you go through this doorway, the exhibit is located to the right. For additional information on the location, hours, ect., go the museum web site at www.mnh.si.edu and click on the Information desk link. Study the exhibit and answer the following questions. Submit your answers in Blackboard. Please view the short movie that comes along with the exhibit. Early Atmosphere 1. How abundant was oxygen in the early atmosphere? The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere was abundant, however, due harmful radiation waves from the sun, photosynthetic systems such as plants were not able to evolve thus leaving the state of oxygen subtle. 2.What evidence do scientists have that the oxygen content of our atmosphere has increased since the earth’s origin? The O-zone layer is composed of 3 oxygen atoms formed after photosynthetic organisms release an extra oxygen molecule into the atmosphere. 2. Why is oxygen more abundant in the atmosphere today? Because of the high amount of plants that produce oxygen which were not here in the early stages of life on earth 3. What are stromatolites? Stromatolites are the bindings of microorganisms on rocks and stones, usually submerged underwater, these rocks are usually used as samples for the earliest signs of life 4. What do scientists think is implied by the presence of stromatolites in Precambrian rock? Scientists would conclude that life was formed underwater and the process of evolution eventually allowed multi-cellular organisms to make their way off the ocean and/or bodies of water. 5. What is ozone and how is it produced? The o-zone layer is the protective layer made of 3 oxygen atoms, it is usually formed by the extra oxygen resulted from a photosynthetic organism. 6. Why is ozone important to life today? Because it protects us from ultra-violet rays from the sun which are extremely harmful and sometimes fatal to all life forms. 7. What effect did increased levels of oxygen in the atmosphere have on early life forms? It caused organisms that were not light and/or oxygen dependent to disappear as mammals and other multi-cellular organisms began to take over.

Power Of Words Essay Example for Free

Power Of Words Essay â€Å"Words are more treacherous and powerful than we think.† Evaluate the extent to which the characteristics Sartre claims for words affect negatively and positively different areas of knowledge. To what extent does the existence of different languages and the need for their translation create problems for the acquisition of knowledge? According to Sartre, words carry more power than we think and have the ability to betray their proper meanings. Words, or in a broader sense, language, is far more powerful than we give it credit for and is ambiguous in its nature to either be powerful in a good way or treacherous. When language is translated properly and knowledge is acquired successfully, language is powerful. However, when there are problems with translation and the original meaning of the words becomes garbled, language becomes treacherous. Now that we are aware of this fact about language, we need to make a calculated decision on the degree of negative effect translation has on the acquisition of knowledge. There are contextual losses, untranslatable words, and idioms. When we examine the losses as a result of translation, the extent to which the existence of different languages and the need for their translation creates problems for the acquisition of knowledge is great. As the Italians say, Traduttore traditore, ‘the translation is a traitor’† (Van de Lagemaat 63). First of all, each of us has a special relationship to our own native language and this relationship makes us â€Å"assume that it fits reality like a glove†. However, when we learn a second language, â€Å"one of the things [we] discover is that different languages divide the world up in different ways† (Van de Lagemaat 61). When translating words from one language to another, you â€Å"will not get a workable translation but gobbledygook† (Van de Lagemaat 61). This is when translation creates problems for the acquisition of knowledge. When something is being translated, there are three basic rules that must be followed: the translation must remain faithful to the original text, be comprehensible, and when retranslated back into its original language, the translation should be approximate to the original. Many times, the translations of texts from one language to another defy these three commonly agreed criteria, particularly the faithfulness of a translation. For example, when translating the idiom â€Å"the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak† it comes back in German as â€Å"the vodka is agreeable, but the meat is inferior† (Van de Lagemaat 62). Through translation, this idiom lost its true meaning. An example of a mistranslation is when Pepsi Cola ran an advertising campaign in Taiwan, the slogan â€Å"Come Alive with Pepsi† was translated into Chinese and when translated back into English, it read â€Å"Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the dead!† (Van de Lagemaat 63). Unsurprisingly, because of the ill communicated meaning, the campaign was a failure. There is also inaccurate translation in literature such as the mistranslation of Albert Camus widely renowned novel’s title The Stranger, or L’etranger. In French, L’etranger does not simply mean â€Å"stranger† but has a much deeper and intricate meaning that caters to the novel’s explicit message. Further evidence that not everything is translated adequately is found in the translations of the Quran, â€Å"the central religious text of Islam†. â€Å"Because the Quran stresses its Arabic nature, Muslim scholars believe that any translation cannot be more than an approximate interpretation, intended only as a tool for the study and understanding of the original Arabic text† (Mohammed 58). Since not only the text must be translated, but the meaning and symbolism, it is believed that many things are lost in the Arabic to English interpretation. Whether or not the renderings of the Quran into English or other languages are accurate enough of not is a heavily debated subject for scholars. I can understand how this happens being a speaker of Arabic myself. There are certain Arabic words I say in my day-today life that cannot be appropriately translated in English without their actual meanings being lost. The Arabic expressions like â€Å"yislamleh teezik† that make little to no sense when directly translated into English. In Arabic, this commonly used expression is supposed to be an affectionate way of saying â€Å"thank you† or â€Å"may you always stay in my life†. The English translation would be â€Å"may God bless your butt†, and the charming meaning it has in Arabic is completely lost to translation. Although translation causes problems for the acquisition of knowledge to a great extent, it does not always do this. When something can be translated and the meaning is transferred from one language to another without any harm coming to it, knowledge is powerful. In the realms of mathematics and sciences, mathematical and scientific concepts can be translated accurately from one language to another unlike in literature. An example of this can be found in my math studies classroom with Ms. Halabi. She told us a humorous anecdote about how she learnt math in Arabic and how that would have been so unusual for us to experience. Math is a universal language and is not harmed when translated from one language to another. In conclusion, the translation of knowledge between different languages can be both powerful and treacherous in nature. It is powerful when there is no loss of meaning between translations but can be treacherous when it disrupts the acquisition of knowledge. This is a bad thing because as knowers, we don’t get to access certain knowledge because it can’t be translated properly.